Cell culture techniques allow a variety of molecular and cell biological questions to be addressed, offering physiological conditions whilst avoiding the use of laboratory animals. In addition to basic techniques, a wide range of specialised practical protocols covering the following areas are included: cell proliferation and death, in-vitro models for cell differentiation, in-vitro models for toxicology and pharmacology, industrial application of animal cell culture, genetic manipulation and analysis of human and animal cells in culture.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Current Controversies, from the Ovary to the Pancreas 2008
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Current Controversies, from the Ovary to the Pancreas Publisher: Humana Press | Language: English | ISBN: 1588298310 | 360 pages | Data: 2008 | PDF | 3 Mb
Description: All four editors of this title are extremely prominent in the field of PCOS. Although they are all U.S.-based, they are internationally renowned. The book includes the latest diagnostic criteria for PCOS, and comprises the most up to date information about the genetic features and pathogenesis of PCOS. The diagnostic criteria for PCOS took shape in 1990 following an NIH conference co-organized by Dr. Dunaif, resulting in her classic volume, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (1992). That title recommended diagnostic criteria of hyperandrogenism and chronic anovulation with the exclusion of specific disorder of the ovary, adrenal, and pituitary. These criteria dominated the field but were revised in 2003 by a working group of international experts at a conference in Rotterdam. Since then, it has become increasingly clear over the past several years that PCOS is a complex genetic disease resulting from the interaction of susceptibility genes and environmental factors. This volume critically reviews the methodological approaches and the evidence for various PCOS susceptibility genes. Additional familial phenotypes of PCOS and their potential genetic basis are also discussed. In all, this title is comprehensive and replete with the latest in expert recommendations on PCOS. This expert opinion remains critical to guiding practice in PCOS because sufficient data for evidence-based guidelines remains scarce
What should the average person know about science? Because science is so central to life in the 21st century, science educators and other leaders of the scientific community believe that it is essential that everyone understand the basic concepts of the most vital and far-reaching disciplines. Human Origins 101 does exactly that. This accessible volume provides readers - whether students new to the field or just interested members of the lay public - with the essential ideas of the origins of humans using a minimum of jargon and mathematics. Concepts are introduced in a progressive order so that more complicated ideas build on simpler ones, and each is discussed in small, bite-sized segments so that they can be more easily understood. Human Origins 101 enables students and the general public to understand the basic concepts underlying our knowledge of our evolution as a species. This small volume covers: BLA brief history of paleoanthropology, and the discovery of human's place in nature BLEvolution and the Origin of Life BLClues to human origins from genetics BLThe fossil and archaeological records BLThe distinctive traits that makes us human The diversity of modern humans With a bibliography, glossary, and discussion of hoaxes, fringe theories, and hot-button issues, Human Origins 101 provides the perfect starting point for anyone wishing to understand how scientists know how humans evolved.
ايدر كه مخفف عبارت AIDS = Acquired Immun Defidiency Stndrome به معني سندرم نقص ايمني اكتسابي مي باشد . يك بيماري پيشرونده غير قابل درمان است كه علت آن است اين بيماري از سال 1986 به عنوان يك بيماري جديد و مشخص شناسايي شد.ويروسي به نام HIV در حال حاضر هر دقيقه 16 نفر در جهان به اين ويروس آلوده مي شوند . بر خلاف تصور عمومي كه ايدز را يك بيماري مختص به كشور هاي پيشرفته مي دانند ، بيش از 90 در صد موارد آلودگي مربوط به كشور هاي جهان سوم و در حال توسعه است .ايدز در حال حاضر چهارمين علت مرگ و مير بشر مي باشد كه پيش بيني مي شود تا سال 2010 مقام اول را از آن خود نمايد . زماني كه ويروس ايدز وارد بدن مي شود ،سلول هاي سيستم ايمني را كه نقش اصلي در دفاع از بدن در مقابل عوامل بيماري زا ايفا مي كنند ، مورد حمله قرار مي دهد و آنها را تخريب مي كند . در نتيجه دفاع بدن در مقابل انواع عوامل بيماري زا ضعيف شده و ميكروب هايي كه در حالت عادي هيچ عارضه اي در فرد ايجاد نمي كنند ، به ناگاه بيماري هاي شديد و كشنده را باعث مي شوند و فرد مبتلا نسبت به ابتلا به انواع بيماري هاي عفوني حساس مي شود .
The Cambridge Dictionary of Human Biology and Evolution
دیکشنری از کمبریج برای تکامل انسان
The Cambridge Dictionary of Human Biology and Evolution
Larry L. Mai Marcus Young Owl M. Patricia Kersting, The Cambridge Dictionary of Human Biology and Evolution Cambridge University Press | ISBN 0521662508 | 2005 | PDF | 4.55 MB | 670 pages This compilation is intended to define and elaborate on the more important terms used in human biology and evolution. For readers with little background in these subjects, it identifies and provides definitions of core terms most frequently used in these areas. In addition, we have attempted to define, and occasionally annotate or expand on, subjects of interest to advanced students and professionals, such as fossil specimens, paleontological sites, and primate genera.
این مقاله ی جالب و کامل سعی دارد شما را بطوری کلی و ابتدائی با اجزای مهم بدن و آناتومی آنها، آشنا کند. دستگاه های بدن، غدد، مغز، استخوان بندی و .... از جمله موضوعات پرداخته شده در این مقاله می باشد.